This article is about the color. For other uses, see Yellow (disambiguation).
| Yellow | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Spectral coordinates | |
| Wavelength | 570–590 nm |
| Frequency | 525–505 THz |
| Common connotations | |
| sunshine, warmth, fun, happiness, warning,friendship, caution, slow, cowardice, Mardi Gras, summer, lemons, Easter, autumn, spring,electricity, liberalism/libertarianism, hope,optimism, imagination, curiosity | |
 Color coordinates | |
| Hex triplet | #FFFF00 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (255, 255, 0) |
| Source | HTML/CSS[1] |
| B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte) | |
Yellow /ˈjɛloʊ/ is the color of gold, butter, or ripe lemons.[2] In the spectrum of visible light, and in the traditional color wheel used by painters, yellow is located between green andorange.
Yellow is commonly associated with gold, sunshine, reason, optimism and pleasure, but also with envy, jealousy and betrayal. It plays an important part in Asian culture, particularly in China.[3]..
Etymology and definitions[edit]
The word "yellow" comes from the Old English geolu, geolwe, meaning "yellow, yellowish", derived from the Proto-Germanic wordgelwaz. It has the same Indo-European base, -ghel, as the word yell; -ghel means both bright and gleaming, and to cry out. Yellow is a color which cries out for attention.[4]
The English term is related to other Germanic words for yellow, namely Scots yella, East Frisian jeel, West Frisian giel, Dutch geel, German gelb, and Swedish gul.[5] According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the oldest known use of this word in English is from The Epinal Glossary in the year 700.[6]
The Middle Ages and Renaissance[edit]
During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, yellow became firmly established as the color of Judas Iscariot, the disciple who betrayed Christ, even though the Bible never describes his clothing. From this connection, yellow also took on took associations with envy,jealousy and duplicity.
The tradition began in the Renaissance of marking non-Christian outsiders, such as Jews, with the color yellow. In 16th century Spain, those accused of heresy and who refused to renounce their views were compelled to come before the Spanish Inquisition dressed in a yellow cape.[8]
In science[edit]
Light, optics and colorimetry[edit]
Simply put, yellow is the color the eye sees when it looks at light with a wavelength between 570 and 590 nanometers, the wavelength of light between green and orange.
In the language of optics, yellow is the evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength) cone cells of theretina about equally, with no significant stimulation of the S (short-wavelength) cone cells.[12] Light with a wavelength of 570–590 nm is yellow, as is light with a suitable mixture of red and green. Yellow's traditional RYB complementary color is purple, violet, or indigo, while its colorimetrically defined complementary color in both RGB and CMYK color spaces is blue.
Yellow in color printing and on a computer screen[edit]
In color printing, yellow is one of the three colors of ink, along with magenta and cyan, which can be overlaid in the right combination, along with black, to print any full color image. (See the CMYK color model).
The yellow on a color television or computer screen is created in a completely different way; by combining green and red light at the right level of intensity. (See RGB color model).
In technical terms, electric yellow' is the most intense yellow representable in 8-bit RGB color model; yellow is a secondary color in an additive RGB space.
The measured light spectrum from yellow pixels on a typical computer display is complex, and very unlike the reflectance spectrum of a yellow object such as a banana.[13]
Process yellow (also known as pigment yellow, printer's yellow or canary yellow) is one of the three colors typically used as subtractive primary colors, along with magenta and cyan. The CMYK system for color printing is based on using four inks, one of which is a yellow color. This is in itself a standard color, and a fairly narrow range of yellow inks or pigments are used. Process yellow is based on a colorant that reflects the preponderance of red and green light, and absorbs most blue light, as in the reflectance spectra shown in the figure on the lower right.
Because of the characteristics of paint pigments and use of different color wheels, painters traditionally regard the complement of yellow as the color indigo or blue-violet.
Process yellow is not an RGB color, and there is no fixed conversion from CMYK primaries to RGB. Different formulations are used for printer's ink, so there can be variations in the printed color that is pure yellow ink.
The first recorded use of canary yellow as a color name in English was in 1789.[14]
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